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The first five books of the Bible, known as the Torah, hold a special place in Jewish tradition. This copy of the Torah contains both the Hebrew text and an Aramaic translation, called a Targum, printed side by side. Scholars in the early modern period moved away from reading the Bible only in the Latin Vulgate, and began to rediscover these texts in their original, ancient languages. It is clear that this volume was valued and used: it has been annotated in several places, including inscriptions in Latin on the first page of Genesis. Printed in Amsterdam in 1631, this book has a beautiful brown leather binding, with metal clasps.

Citation:
1. Hebrew Torah with Targum,
Marsh's Library Exhibits,
accessed December 6, 2025,
https://www.marshlibrary.ie/digi/items/show/522