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Martino Martini's historical and geographical account of China was created in the 1640's during a time of political upheaval. Shortly after he arrived in China, Beijing fell to Li Zicheng, the first and only Shun Emperor. While Martini toured China, attempting to create a map of all 15 provinces, the Qing Dynasty was establishing itself in the north of the country. The Qing controlled northern provinces shown here in Blaeu's Atlas Maior as Peking, Xansi and Xantvng.

Citation:
8a. Joan Blaeu, Atlas maior: Asia, quæ est Geographiæ Blavianæ ... volumen decimum (Amsterdam, 1662)
Northern Qing Provinces,
Marsh's Library Exhibits,
accessed December 6, 2025,
https://www.marshlibrary.ie/digi/items/show/571